SIMPLES
Correct these sentences.
1. I can to swim
I can swim.
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2. She no can cook.
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3. We’re can play chess.
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4. Cats can no fly.
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5. They don’t can drive.
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6. He cans ride a bike.
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7. She can speak German?
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8. Can you to help me?
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9. Can she to come to the party?
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Write the rules with must or mustn’t and the verbs given.
1. Price: 10 euros (pay)
You must pay 10 euros.
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2. No walking on the grass. (walk)
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3. Washing hands: Obligatory. (wash)
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4. Be quiet during the exam. (talk)
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5. Use a pen. (write)
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6. Do not give food to the animals in the zoo. (give)
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7. Walk in the corridors. (run)
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8. Don’t open your books. (close)
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9. No smoking. (smoke)
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Remember that we can express lack of obligation using don’t have to. Look at these sports rules and write sentences.
1. football – wear blue socks
You don’t have to wear blue socks.
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2. volleyball – use your hands
You must use your hands.
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3. tennis – kick the ball
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4. golf – run
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5. football – use your hands
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6. sailing – have a boat
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7. windsurfing – wear a hat
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8. basketball – run with the ball
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9. cycling – be in a team
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Rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning. Use must / mustn’t and possessive pronouns.
1. Don’t touch it because it’s her book.
You mustn’t touch the book because it’s hers.
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2. Take it home because it’s your rubbish.
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3. Be careful with it because it’s my mobile.
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4. Don’t forget them because they’re our CDs.
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5. Clean them because they’re your football boots.
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6. Don’t lose it because it’s my pen.
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7. Don’t break it because it’s her watch.
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Complete the text with have to or don’t have to.
My mum says that my two brothers and I 1 have to help with most of the household
...............
chores. We 2 (no) .............................. do everything but, for example, I 3 ...................... do the shopping with my parents and my big brother, Dave, 4 ..................... carry the bags into the house from the car. My little brother 5 (no) ......................... do much because he’s very young, but he 6 ........................ keep his bedroom tidy. I also 7 ....................... help my mum with the cooking. Dave 8 (no) ........................... do that because he 9 ........................... lay the table. My dad 10 ........................... clear the table and do the washing up after lunch and dinner. When I think about it, my mum is very clever. She 11 (no) ............................... do much at all!
Write complete sentences using should or shouldn’t.
1. clean / teeth / after / dinner
You should clean your teeth after dinner.
2. wash / hands / before / lunch
3. talk / food / in / mouth
4. eat / three / meals / day
5. throw / bread
6. use / knife / eat / soup
7. clear / table / after / eating
8. leave / table / before / others
Fill in the blanks with must or mustn’t.
My mum is quite strict and she makes a lot of rules for me and my dad at home. For example I 1 must do my homework before I can watch TV and I 2 .....................
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play my music very loud. I 3 ...................... tidy my room every week and my dad 4 ..................... do the washing-up. I can go out but I 5 ........................... come home very late and my friends 6 ....................... stay here after 11 o’clock. Also, my dad 7 ............................ sing. I agree with that. He’s got a terrible voice!
Complete the sentences with must or have to. (must = personal obligations; have to = general obligations)
1. Dentist to patient: You must clean your teeth after dinner
...................
2. Teacher to student: You ......................... do your homework.
3. You ......................... take your passport to go to Australia
4. You ......................... put a stamp on a letter.
5. Parent to son: It’s late. You ......................... go to bed.
6. You ......................... pass a test to get a driving license.
7. ‘I ......................... remember to buy some bread.’
8. You ......................... to wear a uniform at some schools.
9. ‘You ......................... come to my party!’
Write five personal rules and obligations at home and five general ones at school.
At home:
1. At home I must tidy my room.
2. ..........................................................................
3. ..........................................................................
4. ..........................................................................
5. ..........................................................................
6. ..........................................................................
At school:
7. At school I have to study hard.
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8. ..........................................................................
9. ..........................................................................
10. ..........................................................................
11. ...........................................................................
12. ..........................................................................
Give advice in these situations using should or shouldn’t and a word from
the box.
the box.
• bed • dentist • train • plaster • football
• aspirin • food • noise • dictionary
1. I’ve cut my hand.
You should put a plaster on it.
2. I’m afraid of aeroplanes.
3. I don’t know what this word means.
4. I’ve got a bad leg.
5. Sarah’s got a headache.
6. Henry’s getting quite fat.
7. Andy’s really tired.
8. My tooth hurts a lot.
9. We’re in the library.
Complete the sentences with must, may, might or can’t.
1. Score: 4-0. We can’t lose now!
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2. ‘Do you know where Sarah is?’ ‘No idea. She ............................ be at home.’
3. Parachuting ............................ be exciting. I’d love to have a go!
4. You look stressed. Working twelve hours a day ............................ be good for
your health.
5. Man ............................ be the cause of the change in the world’s climate.
6. I’m not sure but he ............................ win the race.
7. He’s twenty metres in front. He ............................ be first in the line!
8. Animals ............................ be at fault for the world’s pollution.
9. Global warming ............................ cause other problems that we don’t know
about yet.
PERFECT MODALS
To express certainty and possibility in the past we use:
must
may + have + past participle
might
can’t
Examples: She might have gone home. It must have been fun.
Write the sentences again using the structure above.
1. I’m fairly sure he didn’t win.
He can’t have won.
2. She probably left early.
3. They almost definitely bought the house.
4. It’s possible he was tired after working so much.
5. I’m fairly sure I didn’t pass the exam.
The past of should / shouldn’t is should / shouldn’t have + participle.
Compare: ‘I’ve hurt my leg.’ ‘You should go to the doctor immediately.’
‘Yesterday I hurt my leg.’ ‘You should have gone to the doctor immediately.’
Write your sentences from Exercise 1. in the past.
1. You should have put a plaster on it.
2. .........................................................................................................................
3. .........................................................................................................................
4. .........................................................................................................................
5. .........................................................................................................................
6. .........................................................................................................................
7. .........................................................................................................................
8. .........................................................................................................................
9. .........................................................................................................................
Write what these people should or shouldn’t have done.
1. John got up late and missed his bus. He should have got up earlier.
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2. Laura threw a book across the classroom and got a detention. ...........................
3. My dad drove through a red light and had an accident. ......................................
4. We went walking in the mountains without a map and got lost. ...........................
5. Harry kicked the ball at the window and broke the glass. ...................................
6. I forgot to go to the supermarket and now I’m hungry. .......................................
7. I didn’t post a letter for my mum and now she’s angry. .......................................
